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MOI UNIVERSTY
SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
DEPRTMENT OF MANUFACTURING, INDUSTRIAL AND TEXTILE ENGINEERING.

NAME: LESTONE N. MANDIEKA

REG NO: MTI/23/18

COURSE TITLE: RESEARH METHODS

COURSE CODE: MIT 341.
           
TASK: RESEARCH PROPOSAL ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT IN NAIROBI.

PRESENTED TO: DR. NZILA

DATE:  3rd April, 2020.

SIGN: …………………


 
 DECLARATION 

 I LESTONE NYAKUNDI MANDIEKA registration number MTI/23/18 would like to declare this research proposal as my original work and therefore it has not been presented before for any awards.
 
   
 
Signature: ………     	                                                      	    Date: ………………  
 	 

 
 
 
 
 
 




























ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 
 	 
I would like to thank God for His grace of life and my mother for her continued support in terms of financial, emotional and spiritual guidance. Her motivation and belief in me is highly appreciated. 
I would also like to thank my lecturer for his continued guidance towards developing research skills and creativity to become a good engineer and a better person as a whole.
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 










 ABSTRACT.

The study seeks to identify the methods for storage of solid wastes, ascertain the waste disposal systems, and determine the effective waste management system. The study was conducted through observation and interviewing of employees from Nairobi Waste Management Authority. Findings indicate that financial constraints and lack of appropriate technologies are major challenges to waste management. The study concludes that successful waste management depends on adequate financing, enabling legislation, and a supporting institutional and policy environment.























LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Response ton Challenges to Waste Management……………………………………………………………12
Table 2: Response on the Methods for Storage of Solid Wastes in Nairobi………….……………………..13
Table 3: Response on Waste Disposal Systems……………………………………………………………………………....13
Table 4: Response on the Effective Waste Management System…………………………………………….…..14
Table 5:  Table of costs……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...16
Table 6: Time plan table…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….16



CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION 
1.1 Introduction
The waste management problems in Nairobi seem intractable and overwhelming, but the situation is not helpless yet, as effort was made towards attitudinal changes and adoption of an integrated approach to solid waste management. Business activities in the society creates which are capable of polluting the environment where the business organization are located. Waste are inevitably by products of industrial and domestic activities. All, aspects of man’s economic activities involve generation of wastes. Solid waste management aims to create a more sustainable environment where resources are not depleted thus ensuring sustainable domestic and industrial activities. 

1.2 Background of study
Solid wastes are the by -products that result due to domestic and industrial activities. These wastes tend to have little or no use and thus are released into the environment and as such pollute the environment and natural resources. This leads to degradation of resources used for various domestic and industrial activities thus unsustainable economy of a state. Also human lives and natural life may be adversely affected.

1.3 Statement of the problem
Solid waste in urban areas contribute to unsustainable and degradation of resources and thus need to be effectively managed to ensure continual availability of natural resources for domestic and industrial activities.  Also to create a good environment for thriving of natural life and human life.
 
1.4 Justification of the study
The purpose of this study is to identify the faults in the waste management program in Nairobi and find better solutions from the raised objectives.
 
1.5 Objectives of the study
The study seeks to achieve the following objectives:
To identify the challenge encountered in waste management
To identify the methods for storage of solid waste management in Nairobi
To ascertain the waste disposal systems
To determine the effective waste management system

1.6 Research questions and hypotheses
The study tries to find what is the relationship between solid waste with the environment and its resources while trying to calculate the optimum waste management method that will result in optimum sustainability of environment and its resources.

1.7 Significance of the study and expected output 
The study aims to provide more effective ways of managing solid waste to ensure sustainability of environment and its resources.
 
1.8 Scope of the study
The study is carried out in Nairobi at the industrial areas and slums as they are the huge contributors of solid waste.

1.9 Limitations of the study
The study was limited to observation of the current waste management levels, interviewing locals around the area of study and also issuing of questionnaires to some local waste management personnel due to lack of finances to use more accurate methods. Also Nairobi being a large industrial city, the study was limited to its industrial and slam areas and thus the study results and conclusion will be biased based on this.










CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
The literature review for this study was done through studying books, articles and journals on solid waste management. With study aiming at finding limitations in the already available waste management methods and finding ways to alleviate these weaknesses for optimum industrialization and use of resources. It also aims to cover on weaknesses in the current research projects in this generation especially in cities of developing countries like Kenya and thus find solutions for better sustainability of its resources.
 
2.2 Concept definition and perspectives
Waste are the by products that result from all human activities. These include domestic waste, that is waste resulting from daily domestic activities at home and mostly it is in small scale. Industrial waste is the waste resulting from industrial activities such as mining and manufacturing processes, they are mainly large scale. 
The waste being a by product of little or no use at all must be disposed to cater for room for more waste resulting from further human activities and thus creating need of waste management methods and practices.
2.3 Empirical literature review and hypotheses building
Solid wastes are one of the leading causes of environmental degradation leading to unsuitable living conditions for man and unsustainable flow of resources hence hindering further industrial processes and domestic activities. Hence a need to find ways to effectively deal with the waste is of foremost importance so as to develop a sustainable environment for industrial activities.

2.4 Theoretical and Conceptual framework for the study
The study seeks to find better ways of waste management practices and also look to improve on the already developed methods of waste management by acting on their weaknesses and limitations. The study then concludes by giving various recommendations for the outlined objectives from the results recorded during the study. 
 









CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Introduction
The study was conducted by researching on the levels of waste produced both domestically and industrially in the areas of study and then observing the efficiency of the already set up waste management methods at disposing of the waste at each level.
 The locals and personnel were also involved in the study by interviewing and questionnaires to get more detailed information that could not be obtained by general observation.
 The research was focused during the day from early till late afternoon as it was the peak of activities and locals and waste management personnel would be available for interviews and questionnaire.

3.2 Research design
The research design was such that it involved studying the volumes of solid waste produced per day in the areas of study and comparing them to the efficiency of the waste management methods used in the area.
 
3.3 Methods and materials of study
The methods used for the study were:
 use of questionnaires issued to the local waste management personnel, 
interviewing of the locals; and
observation of the waste management methods already in place.

3.4 Procedures and equipment
The following procedure was used to conduct the study and:
Visiting of the local waste management authority to observe the waste management process.
Interviewing of the various heads of the waste management authority. 
Issuing of questionnaires to the staff working at the waste management authority to be collected the following day.
Interviewing the locals about the domestic solid waste produced and their methods of managing it.
Collecting of the questionnaires for study.

The materials used for the study included:
Printed papers used as questionnaires
Car as a means of transport
Voice recorder to record interviews 
A camera to take photos for record keeping
A notebook to note down observations and relevant information

3.5 Analytical framework 
The analysis was based on the recorded information gathered from responses given through interviews by the locals and various heads of the local waste management authority and questionnaires issued to the staff. Also notes and literal works of other researchers was put into consideration. The analysis was aimed at using the recorded information to answer the objectives of the study.
















CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
4.1 Expected results
The outcome and results of the study are aimed at understanding better about solid waste management practices and improve our methods of managing the waste. This will in turn help the effort to improve sustainability of resources thus leading to convenient industrial processes and also clean environment.  

4.2 Results
Table 1: Response on the Challenges to waste management

Financial constraints and lack of appropriate technologies are major challenges to waste management.

Table 2: Response on the Methods for storage of Solid Wastes in Nairobi
 
Solid wastes are stored in plastic containers and metal bins.
Table 3: Response on the Waste Disposal Systems 

Waste disposal systems constitute open dumping, compositing and resource recovery.
Table 4: Response on the Effective Waste management System.

Effective waste management system takes the form of volume reduction prior to disposal, utilization of solid waste as an energy source, recycling of solid waste and disposal of residue from recycling to landfill.

4.3 Discussions
Finding indicate that lack of appropriate technologies and financial constraints are major challenges to waste management. Solid wastes are stored in plastic containers and metal bins. Waste disposal system include open dumping, landfill, composting and resource recovery. Effective waste management system takes the form of volume reduction prior to disposal, utilization of solid waste as an energy source, recycling of solid waste and disposal of residue from cycling to landfill.

4.4 Conclusion and Recommendation
Successful waste management depends on adequate financing, enabling legislation, and a supporting institutional and policy environment. Successful waste management in Nairobi will require a holistic program which will integrate all the technical, economic, social, cultural, and psychological factors that are often ignored in solid waste management programmes. Waste management is a very costly operation and as such, cities in developing countries such as Nairobi should adopt the integrated solid waste management system.
 Most resources should be mobilized and channeled towards the recycling and re-use of recyclable waste items. Privatization of waste management services delivery should be encouraged as it has proved to be more efficient method from the experience in some advanced and developing countries.  




















I: REFERENCES
Ezigbo, C.A (2011), Advanced Management theory and Application: Enugu Immaculate Publications Ltd.
Gilpin, A. (1976), Dictionary of Environmental Terms; London Routlege and Kegan Paul Ltd.
 Oluwande, P.A (1983), A Guide to Tropical Environment Health and Engineering, Ibadan: NISER
Tchobannoglous et al (1977), Solid Waste Engineering, Principles and Management Issues: USA: McGraw Hill Co.

II: APPENDICES
Budget and time plan
The budget for the study was as follows;
Table 5: Table of costs

The time plan for the study is as follows;
Table 6: Time plan table